Privacy & Information Security Law Blog

In recent months, the Chinese government has focused an increasing amount of attention on the protection of personal information. As we previously reported, there have been a number of new data protection regulations in China, including the Decision on Strengthening the Protection of Information on the Internet issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in December 2012, and new rules issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology this July to protect personal information collected by telecommunications and Internet service providers. This focus also is illustrated by Shanghai authorities’ recent crackdown on crimes involving personal information.

As reported by Bloomberg BNA, the South African Parliament passed the Protection of Personal Information Bill on August 22, 2013. The bill, which was sent to President Jacob Zuma to be signed into law, represents South Africa’s first comprehensive data protection legislation.

On August 28, 2013, on the UK Information Commissioner’s Office’s (“ICO’s”) blog, Simon Rice, Technology Group Manager for the ICO, discussed the importance of encryption as a data security measure. He stated that storing any personal information is “inherently risky” but encryption can be a “simple and effective means” to safeguard personal information and reduce the risk of security breaches.

As always, the privacy team at Hunton & Williams continues to closely monitor the latest global developments in data protection, privacy and cybersecurity, including progress on the proposed EU General Data Protection Regulation. To keep you informed, we will be hosting regular, 30-minute webcasts to provide brief updates on the most pressing issues. These Hunton Global Privacy Update sessions will take place every two months. Please join us on September 19, 2013, at 11:00 a.m. EDT, for the first Hunton Global Privacy Update webcast.

This week a new breach notification regulation takes effect across the EU. The Regulation on the measures applicable to the notification of personal data breaches under Directive 2002/58/EC (the “Regulation”) specifies the technical measures of how Internet service providers, telecommunications providers and other public electronic communications service (“ECS”) providers must notify of data breaches.

On September 30, 2013, Hunton & Williams LLP will host a panel discussion with the U.S. Department of Commerce on The Latest International Data Privacy Developments. The panel will take place in Hunton & Williams’ New York office from 5:30 – 7:00 p.m. EDT, with a cocktail reception following the presentation. The Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration (“ITA”) will brief participants on important international data privacy issues, including:

On August 9, 2013 the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) published a new code of practice providing guidance to organizations on how to respond to subject access requests (the “Code”). The Code follows a public consultation on a draft code during 2012 and 2013.

On August 6, 2013, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) opened a new consultation on a draft code of practice on conducting privacy impact assessments (the “Code”).

As reported by Bloomberg BNA, the Irish Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (“ODPC”) has stated that it will not investigate complaints relating to the alleged involvement of Facebook Ireland Inc. (“Facebook”) and Apple Distribution International (“Apple”) in the PRISM surveillance program.

On July 16, 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (the “MIIT”) issued a new rule entitled Provisions on the Registration of Real Identity Information of Telephone Users (the “Provisions”), which will take effect on September 1, 2013. The Provisions were issued pursuant to the Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Relating to Strengthening the Protection of Information on the Internet (the “Resolution”) and the Telecommunications Regulations of the People’s Republic of China. In April 2013, the MIIT issued a draft of the Provisions and solicited public comment.

On July 16, 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (the “MIIT”) issued a new rule entitled Provisions on the Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users (the “Provisions”). The Provisions, which will take effect on September 1, 2013, are intended to implement the general requirements set forth in last December’s Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Relating to Strengthening the Protection of Information on the Internet (the “Resolution”). The Provisions are the first specific regulations concerning personal information protection by telecommunications service providers in China.

On July 22-23, 2013, the APEC E-Commerce Business Alliance and the China International Electronic Commerce Center, a subsidiary organization of the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, held a seminar in Beijing entitled Workshop on the Online Data Privacy Protection in APEC Region. In addition to delegates from Mainland China, representatives from numerous other jurisdictions were in attendance, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Vietnam, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

On July 24, 2013, the Conference of the German Data Protection Commissioners at both the Federal and State levels issued a press release stating that surveillance activities by foreign intelligence and security agencies threaten international data traffic between Germany and countries outside the EEA.

On July 18-19, 2013, the European Union Justice and Home Affairs Council held an informal meeting in Vilnius, Lithuania, where Viviane Reding, Vice-President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship, openly criticized the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework.

On July 12, 2013, during the Centre for Information Policy Leadership’s First Friday call, José Alejandro Bermúdez Durana, Deputy Superintendent for Data Protection for Colombia’s Superintendency of Industry and Commerce, discussed the secondary regulations issued on June 27, 2013 to implement Colombia’s omnibus data protection law enacted in 2012. The Deputy Superintendent discussed key aspects of the regulations, and provided information regarding additional regulations that are needed to implement binding codes of conduct.

On June 25, 2013, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Privacy Commission”) and the Belgian Ministry of Justice agreed on a Protocol establishing new rules for the approval of international data transfer agreements.

Senior Attorney Rosemary Jay reports from London:

On June 25, 2013, Advocate-General Jääskinen of the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) delivered his Opinion in Google Spain S.L. and Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (Case C-131/12, “Google v AEPD” or the “case”).

The case concerns Google Search results, and whether individuals have a right to erasure of search result links about them. The Opinion concludes that under current law, individuals have no such right. The European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”) would introduce a right to be forgotten. However, this Opinion appears to demonstrate unease with the basic concept of such a right.

In a recording prepared for the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP’s (“Centre’s”) annual retreat, former UK Information Commissioner and Centre Global Strategy Advisor Richard Thomas discussed some of the challenges facing Big Data with respect to the purpose limitation principle set out in Article 6(1)(b) of the current EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. In April 2013, the Article 29 Working Party adopted an Opinion on this topic, focusing on how to apply the purpose limitation principle in the Big Data context. Richard Thomas ...

On June 27, 2013, the Colombian Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism issued regulations pursuant to the country’s new data protection law. The regulations, entitled Decreto Número 1377 de 2013, por el cual se reglamenta parcialmente la Ley 1581 de 2012, address a variety of topics, including the following:

• Consent requirements relating to the collection of personal data;
• Restrictions on the processing of children’s personal data;
• Content and delivery of privacy notices;
• Cross-border data transfer restrictions;
• Data transfer agreements;
• Internal privacy ...

On June 28, 2013, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (“FDPIC”) issued its 20th annual Report of Activities (the “Report”), highlighting the FDPIC’s main activities during the period from April 2012 to March 2013. The Report is available in French and in German, and the FDPIC also has prepared a summary of the Report in English.

On July 4, 2013, the European Parliament adopted new EU legislation to fight cyber crime. The Directive on attacks against information systems (the “Directive”) (see the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs’ report tabled for plenary), together with the launch of the European Cybercrime Centre and the adoption of the EU cybersecurity strategy, will strengthen the EU’s overall response to cyber crime and contribute to improving cybersecurity for all EU citizens.

The U.S. Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration (“ITA”) will host a data privacy seminar in Providence, Rhode Island, on Thursday, July 18 from 8:30 – 11:00 a.m. EDT. Seminar participants will hear from Commerce privacy experts who will discuss the Obama Administration’s privacy blueprint and provide updates on significant international developments, including the U.S.-EU and U.S.-Swiss Safe Harbor Frameworks and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (“APEC”) group’s work to implement the Cross-Border Privacy Rules System. These privacy developments could have a significant impact on how companies comply with laws and privacy regulations in the United States, Asia and Europe. A representative from the Safe Harbor-certified company Textron Inc. (“Textron”) also will discuss the company’s experience developing and implementing a privacy compliance program.

On July 3, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) released its decision in a case against PS Consulting, imposing a fine of €10,000 on the information systems consulting company for violations related to the operation of its CCTV system.

On July 2, 2013, the Indian government released its ambitious National Cyber Security Policy 2013. The development of the policy was prompted by a variety of factors, including the growth of India’s information technology industry, an increasing number of cyber attacks and the country’s “ambitious plans for rapid social transformation.” The policy sets forth 14 diverse objectives that range from enhancing the protection of India’s critical infrastructure, to assisting the investigation and prosecution of cyber crime, to developing 500,000 skilled cybersecurity professionals over the next five years.

On July 1, 2013, the Republic of Croatia joined the European Union, increasing the number of EU Member States to 28. As of the day of its accession, Croatia must implement the acquis communautaire (the complete body of the EU legislation), which includes the EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC (“Data Protection Directive”).

In recent months, the Belgian media has reported on a significant increase in data breaches. In December 2012, the National Belgian Railway Company inadvertently published 1.46 million sets of customer data online. The rise in data security incidents has caught the attention of the Belgian Privacy Commission, which has the authority to make recommendations on any matter relating to the application of the fundamental data protection principles in the Belgian Data Protection Act of December 8, 1992. In a May 2013 article published in Bloomberg BNA’s World Data Protection Report

The Bavarian data protection authority recently updated its compliance initiative regarding online tracking tools to include Adobe’s online tracking product (Adobe Analytics (Omniture)). As with previous initiatives of this nature, the underlying analyses were carried out in an automated manner, using a program specifically developed by the Bavarian data protection authority to verify compliance.

On June 24, 2013, the European Commission announced new technical implementing measures that address the EU data breach notification requirement for telecom operators and internet service providers (“ISPs”). Based on a Commission Regulation, these companies must:

• notify the competent national authority of the incident (or at least provide an initial description thereof) within 24 hours after detection of the breach;
• outline which data are affected and what measures have been or will be taken by the company;
• pay attention to the type of data compromised when assessing whether to notify subscribers (i.e. evaluating whether the breach is likely to have an adverse effect on personal data or privacy); and
• use a standardized format for notifying the competent national authority (e.g. an online form which is the same for all EU Member States).

On July 1, 2013, Practising Law Institute (“PLI”) hosts its first symposium on Cybersecurity 2013: Managing the Risk in New York. Hunton & Williams partner Lisa J. Sotto is the Chair of the event. The program features timely cybersecurity topics, including the threat landscape, the legal environment (such as the Obama Administration’s Executive Order on Cybersecurity), and how companies can manage cybersecurity incidents when they occur and seek to prevent cyber attacks before they occur. Hunton & Williams partner Paul M. Tiao and Centre for Information Policy Leadership ...

On June 20, 2013, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) launched its Annual Report and Financial Statements for 2012/13 (the “Report”). Introducing the Report, Information Commissioner Christopher Graham strongly emphasized that, as consumers become increasingly aware of their information rights, good privacy practices will become a commercial benefit and a business differentiator. He outlined the seven key “e”s of the ICO’s role: enforce, educate, empower, enable, engage, and to be effective and efficient.

On June 14, 2013, the European Data Protection Supervisor (the “EDPS”) issued an Opinion regarding a joint communication by the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Cyber Security Strategy of the European Union: an Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace (the “Strategy”), as well as the European Commission’s proposed draft directive to ensure uniformly high security measures for network and information security across the EU (the “NIS Directive”). The EDPS welcomes recognizing privacy and data protection as core values of a robust cybersecurity policy, as opposed to separating out security and privacy, but draws attention to several deficiencies, stating that “the ambitions of the strategy are not reflected in how it will be implemented.”

On June 14, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) announced that last March it had created an internal working group to study the privacy issues arising from the access of the personal data of French citizens by foreign public authorities. The CNIL further announced that the working group has decided to organize meetings with the various concerned stakeholders (attorneys, telecommunications operators, public institutions and non-governmental organizations) and that it has already had discussions with some of them. A summary of the CNIL’s findings is expected to be published in September 2013.

The UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) has published guidance on the application of the Data Protection Act 1998 (“DPA”) to social networking sites and online forums. The guidance emphasizes that organizations and individuals that process data for non-personal purposes must comply with DPA requirements in their use of social networking sites and online forums just as they would in any other context.

On June 7, 2013, the Japanese Government applied to participate in the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules program. Japan’s application will be reviewed to verify that Japan has the necessary legal mechanisms to ensure that certified companies can be held accountable. If approved, Japan will join the United States and Mexico, which also are APEC-certified economies, and it is likely a number of Japanese seal programs will apply for certification as accountability agents. Once the requisite elements are in place, Japanese companies will be able to apply for approval of their cross-border privacy rules.

As we previously reported, on May 31, 2013, the Irish Presidency of the Council of the European Union’s Justice and Home Affairs released a draft compromise text in response to the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”). This compromise text narrows the scope of the Proposed Regulation and seeks to move from a detailed, prescriptive approach toward a risk-based framework.

On June 6, 2013, the European Union’s Justice and Home Affairs Council held legislative deliberations regarding key issues concerning the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”). The discussions were based on the Irish Presidency’s draft compromise text on Chapters I to IV of the Proposed Regulation, containing the fundamentals of the proposal and reflecting the Presidency’s view of the state of play of negotiations. At the Council meeting, the Presidency was seeking general support for the conclusions drawn in their draft compromise text on the key issues in Chapters I to IV.

On June 3, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) published an article outlining the importance of binding corporate rules (“BCRs”) for data processors, and describing how to use them.

On June 5, 2013, Hunton & Williams hosted a seminar in the firm’s London office: Tracking the Draft EU Regulation ̶ General Update and the Concept of the “One-Stop Shop.” Bridget Treacy, Rosemary Jay and Tim Hickman of Hunton & Williams gave a presentation on the operation and effects of the “consistency mechanism” to be introduced in the proposed General Data Protection Regulation. The June 5 update was the most recent in Hunton & Williams’ ongoing series of Executive Briefings on the Proposed Regulation. The consistency mechanism is intended to ensure that, once the ...

On June 6, 2013, a group of 300 gathered in Santa Marta, Colombia, the second oldest city in South America, for the First Latin America Congress on Data Protection. The Congress was organized by Colombia’s data protection authority, the Superintendency of Industry and Commerce, and the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP. “Latin America is very important to Centre member companies, and education is a key element of the Centre’s Latin America Project. So, we were very pleased to help the Superintendent organize the program,” said Centre President Marty Abrams.

On May 30, 2013, the European Court of Justice held that Sweden failed to fulfill its obligations under EU law when it delayed complying with the Court’s 2010 ruling regarding the country’s implementation of the EU Data Retention Directive 2006/24/EC (the “Data Retention Directive”). The Court ordered Sweden to pay a lump sum of €3,000,000.

On May 31, 2013, the Council of the European Union’s Justice and Home Affairs released a draft compromise text in response to the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”). This compromise text narrows the scope of the Proposed Regulation and seeks to move from a detailed, prescriptive approach toward a risk-based framework.

On May 29, 2013, Hunton & Williams hosted a webinar, A Discussion on the Proposed EU Regulation: Developing a More Creative Approach. Hunton & Williams partner Bridget Treacy moderated the session with former UK Information Commissioner Richard Thomas, Global Strategy Advisor of the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams. Richard Thomas discussed the need for a more creative and flexible approach to the proposed EU General Data Protection Regulation, with better-defined outcomes and targeting businesses that present the greatest risks. He also ...

On May 30, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) launched a public consultation on the digital “right to be forgotten.”

The CNIL recalled that the principle of a digital “right to be forgotten” is established in the Proposed EU Data Protection Regulation and that this new right will have to be exercised in accordance with freedom of expression, freedom of the press and the duty of remembrance.

In this context, the CNIL decided to consult web users with a goal of defining the broad outlines of the digital right to be forgotten. The CNIL also announced that it will ...

On May 29, 2013, a bill, accompanied by an explanatory memorandum, was proposed in the Australian Parliament that requires businesses and government agencies that experience a serious data breach to notify affected individuals and the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (“OAIC”). The proposed legislation requires organizations to notify individuals only when they are “significantly affected” by a “serious” data breach. Breaches that merely pose a “remote risk” of harm would not require notification. The factors organizations should assess when determining whether a breach is “serious” include: (1) harm to a person’s reputation, (2) economic harm, (3) financial harm, and (4) physical and psychological harm. Additionally, the bill specifies that implementing regulations may identify other situations that would require notification even if the breach does not give rise to a risk of serious harm. Organizations should notify affected individuals through the normal method of communication they have previously used to communicate with those individuals. Absent a normal method of prior communication, organizations must take reasonable steps to notify the affected individuals via email, telephone or postal mail. If passed, the legislation would become effective in March 2014.

On May 13, 2013, the Article 29 Working Party (the “Working Party”) adopted an Advice Paper on profiling (the “Advice Paper”). The Advice Paper serves as the national data protection authorities’ contribution to the ongoing legislative debate before the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the proposed EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”).

On May 20, 2013, the Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate issued its Annual Report 2012 (the “Report,” summary available in English). The number of inquiries, complaints and supervision proceedings have remained the same over the last few years. The main topics of complaints include employment relations, CCTV, electronic direct marketing and social media. The Inspectorate stated that its primary goal is to stop violations of the law, not to impose sanctions. According to the Report, the Inspectorate issued orders regarding compliance in 48 cases and imposed fines in 39 cases.

On May 23, 2013, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (“OPC”) issued a position paper (the “Paper”) proposing revisions to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”) to better align PIPEDA with the risks facing a modern information economy. Privacy Commissioner of Canada Jennifer Stoddart addressed the release of the Paper in her remarks at the IAPP Canada Privacy Symposium, stating that “[i]t is increasingly clear that the law is not up to the task of meeting the challenges of today – and certainly not those of tomorrow.” According to the Paper, the surge in the collection, availability and use of personal data has upset the balance between the privacy rights of individuals and the legitimate needs of businesses originally struck by PIPEDA. In response, the Paper proposes four general revisions to PIPEDA:

On May 20, 2013, the Irish Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (“ODPC”) published its annual report for 2012 (the “Report”). The Report summarizes the activities of the ODPC during 2012, including its investigations and audits, policy matters, and European and international activities.

On May 16, 2013, UK Trade & Investment (“UKTI”), a UK government department working with businesses based in the UK to ensure their success in international markets, published the first export strategy paper (the “Paper”) on the UK’s approach to the $100 billion annual cybersecurity export market.

In November 2011, the UK’s Cyber Security Strategy was published. ‘Objective 1’ of the strategy’s implementation plan recognized that cyberspace is an important and expanding part of the UK economy. One of the supporting actions for Objective 1 was to develop a ...

In April 2013, the People’s Republic of China’s General Office of the National People’s Congress published a draft amendment to the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests (the “ Proposed Amendment”) and solicited public comments on the Proposed Amendment until May 31, 2013. The Proposed Amendment includes provisions that affect the collection and use of consumer personal information.

On April 30, 2013, the UK government announced guidance on its consultation on cybersecurity standards (the ”Consultation”). The Consultation was launched in March 2013, and follows the UK government’s recent announcement regarding a cybersecurity partnership initiative to facilitate information-sharing on cyber threats.

In March 2013, the UK government launched its consultation on cybersecurity standards (the “Consultation”) following the government’s recent announcement regarding a cybersecurity partnership initiative to facilitate information sharing on cyber threats.

On May 14, 2013, London Economics published the results of an independent survey commissioned by the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) to help understand the challenges that the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”) may present to UK businesses (the “Report”).

On April 30, 2013, the regional court of Berlin enjoined Apple Sales International, which is based in Ireland, (“Apple”) from relying on eight of its existing standard data protection clauses in contracts with customers based in Germany. The court also prohibited Apple’s future use of such clauses.

On May 3, 2013, the German Federal Council (Bundesrat) passed a new bill regarding access to telecom user data, such as names, addresses, passwords and credit card PIN codes. This comes after the German Federal Diet (Bundestag) passed the German government’s bill on March 21, 2013, which amends, among other laws, Germany’s Federal Telecommunications Act.

On May 6, 2013, the Global Privacy Enforcement Network (“GPEN”) announced its first “Internet Privacy Sweep,” in which 19 data protection authorities are participating. This joint effort, which runs May 6-12, 2013, involves a review of the information notices posted online by major websites.

In April 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (the “MIIT”) issued a new rule entitled the “Notice on Strengthening the Administration of Networked Smart Mobile Devices” (the “Notice”). This Notice, which will become effective on November 1, 2013, was issued in draft form in June 2012 along with a request for public comment.

On May 6, 2013, the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (“LIBE”) discussed the progress of the proposed General Data Protection Regulation (”Proposed Regulation”). LIBE’s lead rapporteur, Jan Philipp Albrecht, noted that, in light of the significant number of amendments tabled, more time is needed for the other rapporteurs to deliberate. As a result, the vote originally scheduled for May 29, 2013 on the lead rapporteur’s report regarding amendments to the Proposed Regulation has been postponed.

The Polish Data Protection Authority (Generalny Inspektor Ochrony Danych Osbowych or “GIODO”) has activated the website for the 35th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners to be held in Warsaw, Poland, September 23-26, 2013. The conference theme is “A Compass in a Turbulent World.” Unlike past years, the conference will begin with the closed session for commissioners and concurrent side events. The open conference will take place on September 25 and 26. GIODO currently is working on the conference agenda with an advisory committee that ...

On April 22, 2013, the Article 29 Working Party (the “Working Party”) adopted an Opinion on the proposed data protection impact assessment template for smart grid and smart metering systems (“DPIA Template”). Expert Group 2 of the European Commission’s Smart Grid Task Force submitted the DPIA Template to the Working Party following the European Commission’s March 9, 2012 recommendation regarding preparation for the roll-out of smart metering systems.

On April 29, 2013, the Belgian Privacy Commission announced that it referred a data breach case involving The National Belgian Railway Company to the Brussels Public Prosecutor. The data breach, which occurred in December 2012, resulted in the 1.46 million sets of customer data being made publicly available online. The Privacy Commission investigated the case and concluded that there had been a violation of the Belgian Data Protection Act, but since the Privacy Commission does not have the authority to impose sanctions for the violation, it referred the case to the prosecutor’s office to initiate criminal proceedings. The Privacy Commission commented that this is the first time that it has referred a data breach case to the Public Prosecutor.

On April 10, 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (the “MIIT”) enacted two draft rules (“Provisions on the Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users” and “Provisions on the Registration of Real Identity Information of Telephone Users”) to solicit public comments. The comment period is open until May 15, 2013. Both Drafts include proposals for substantial provisions on the protection of personal information and were enacted according to the Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Relating to Strengthening the Protection of Information on the Internet (issued by the Standing Committee in December 2012) and some other telecommunications rules.

On April 22, 2013, the higher administrative court of Schleswig issued two decisions rejecting an appeal by the data protection authority of Schleswig-Holstein (“Schleswig DPA”) that sought to challenge a lower court’s earlier rulings in Facebook’s favor.

On April 12, 2013, the Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration (“ITA”) issued a guidance document to clarify how the U.S.-European Union Safe Harbor Framework facilitates the transfer of personal data from the European Union to the United States in the cloud computing context. The document underscores that the U.S.- European Union Safe Harbor Framework is an officially recognized means of complying with the adequacy requirement of EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. ITA has received a number of inquiries from Safe Harbor participants indicating that they (and their EU clients, customers and partners) have heard conflicting information and are unsure about how the Safe Harbor Framework may enable data transfers to cloud service providers in the United States.

On April 2, 2013, the Article 29 Working Party (the “Working Party”) adopted an Opinion (the “Opinion”) that elaborates on the purpose limitation principle set out in Article 6(1)(b) of the current EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC (the “Data Protection Directive”). The Opinion analyzes the scope of this principle under the Data Protection Directive, clarifies its limits and makes recommendations to strengthen it in the proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”). It also focuses on how to apply this principle in the context of Big Data and open data.

On April 5, 2013, during the Centre for Information Policy Leadership’s First Friday call, Centre President interviewed José Alejandro Bermúdez Durana, Deputy Superintendent for Data Protection for Colombia’s Superintendency of Industry and Commerce, and asked about the progress of Colombia’s new data protection law. Enacted in October 2012, the law provided a six month grace period for companies to prepare to comply with new requirements, which are expected to be implemented on April 18, 2013. The final regulation will be published thereafter. The Deputy Superintendent discussed industry cooperation and said that the regulation’s language on consent will be flexible.

On March 8, 2013, the German government published a response to a formal inquiry from one of the German Parliament’s parties on the international security, data protection and surveillance implications of cloud computing. The response describes international cooperation between German and foreign law enforcement agencies that have used mutual legal assistance treaties to obtain cloud data in foreign jurisdictions. An earlier study by the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs considered the scope of U.S. laws that allow surveillance of non-U.S. residents in a cloud computing context. The German government’s response now provides information on how German law enforcement agencies obtain data from clouds outside their jurisdiction (e.g., in the United States) pursuant to mutual legal assistance treaties.

On March 21-22, 2013, the data protection authorities (“DPAs”) of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania met in Riga, Latvia, for their second annual meeting to discuss several practical cooperation matters regarding data protection.

On March 27, 2013, the UK Government announced the Cyber Security Information Sharing Partnership (“CISP”), a partnership between government and industry to share intelligence on cybersecurity threats.

Introduction of the CISP follows a successful pilot program across key UK sectors and is part of the UK’s Cyber Security Strategy to facilitate information-sharing on cyber threats. It introduces a secure web portal where government and industry partners can exchange real-time information regarding threats and vulnerabilities they have identified. It also sets up a team of expert analysts, the Fusion Cell, to draw together a single intelligence picture of cyber threats across the UK. It is understood that the Fusion Cell will be staffed by analysts drawn from industry, as well as the law enforcement and intelligence communities.

On March 26, 2013, the Article 29 Working Party issued a press release on the recent developments concerning cooperation between the EU and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group (“APEC”) on cross-border data transfer rules. A joint EU-APEC committee, which includes the French and German data protection authorities as well as the European Data Protection Supervisor and the European Commission, has been studying similarities and differences between the EU’s binding corporate rules (“BCRs”) framework and APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules. The committee’s goal is to facilitate data protection compliance in this area for international businesses operating in the EU and the APEC region, including by creating a common frame of reference for both sets of cross-border data transfer rules.

On March 1, 2013, the Irish Presidency published a note to the European Council of Ministers regarding its progress on the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (“Proposed Regulation”). The Note details the Irish Presidency’s work to bring a more risk-based approach to the Proposed Regulation.

On March 22, 2013, Peru issued the implementing regulations of its new data protection law. The Reglamento de la Ley No 29733, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales (“Regulations”) provide detailed rules on a variety of topics, including the following:

• Territorial scope;
• notice and consent;
• data transfers;
• processing of personal data relating to children and adolescents;
• data processing in the communications and telecommunications sectors;
• outsourcing;
• information security;
• data subjects’ rights;
• registration of databases;
• codes of conduct; and
• enforcement.

On March 20, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) issued (in French) guidance on keylogger software (the “Guidance”). Keylogger software enables an employer to monitor all the activities that take place on an employee’s computer (such as every key typed on the computer’s keyboard and every screen viewed by the employee), without the employee’s knowledge.

On March 20, 2012, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office announced that it has issued a monetary penalty of £90,000 against DM Design Bedrooms Ltd. (“DM Design”) for making thousands of unwanted marketing calls.

On March 19, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) announced (in French) its annual inspection program, providing an overview of its inspections of data controllers in 2012 and a list of inspections that it plans to conduct in 2013. Under French data protection law, the CNIL is authorized to collect any useful information in connection with its investigations and has access to data controllers’ electronic data and data processing programs.

On March 20, 2013, the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (“LIBE”) held legislative deliberations regarding the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (”Proposed Regulation”). The LIBE Committee Chair, Juan Fernando López Aguilar, noted that 2,783 amendments to the Proposed Regulation and 504 amendments to the proposed Police and Criminal Justice Directive (“Proposed Directive”) have been tabled.

On February 12, 2013, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office published a further analysis of the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”). This latest analysis supplements the initial analysis paper on the Proposed Regulation published on February 27, 2012. Although the general views expressed in its initial paper stand, the ICO has now provided greater detail regarding its views of the substantive provisions of the Proposed Regulation.

On March 15, 2013, European Data Protection Supervisor Peter Hustinx sent a letter to Juan Fernando López Aguilar, Chair of the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (“LIBE”), with his comments regarding certain aspects of the European Commission’s proposed revised data protection framework. On March 20, 2013, Peter Hustinx was invited to present his comments during a LIBE Committee meeting, together with the President of the Article 29 Working Party, Jacob Kohnstamm.

On March 12, 2013, the UK Government Justice Committee published a report on the functions, powers and resources of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (the “Report”). The Report highlights several key issues raised during an oral evidence session held with the UK Information Commissioner, Christopher Graham, and his two Deputy Commissioners, David Smith and Graham Smith. The Justice Select Committee published the Report to draw these key issues to the attention of the UK Parliament.

On March 14, 2013, the 85th Conference of the German Data Protection Commissioners concluded in Bremerhaven. This biannual conference provides a private forum for the 16 German state data protection authorities (“DPAs”) and the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information, Peter Schaar, to share their views on current issues, discuss relevant cases and adopt Resolutions aimed at harmonizing how data protection law is applied across Germany.

The U.S. Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration (“ITA”) will host a data privacy seminar in Waltham, Massachusetts, on Monday, March 25 from 8:30 – 11:30 a.m. EST. Seminar participants will hear from a number of Commerce privacy experts who will discuss the Obama Administration’s privacy blueprint and provide updates on significant international developments involving the U.S.-European Union and U.S.-Swiss Safe Harbor Frameworks and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group’s work to implement the Cross-Border Privacy Rules System. These privacy developments could have a significant impact on your company and its compliance with laws and privacy regulations in the United States, Asia and Europe.

On February 27, 2013, the Article 29 Working Party (the “Working Party”) adopted an Opinion (the “Opinion”) addressing personal data protection issues related to the development and use of applications on mobile devices. The Opinion identifies the key data protection risks associated with mobile apps and clarifies the legal framework and obligations applicable to the various parties involved in the development and distribution of mobile apps, including app stores, app developers, operating system and device manufacturers and advertisers.

On March 5, 2013, Costa Rica published the Reglamento a la Ley de Protección de la Persona Frente al Tratamiento de sus Datos Personales (Regulations of the Law of Protection of the Person in the Processing of His Personal Data) (the “Regulations”). The wide-ranging Regulations, which took effect immediately, expand and clarify many aspects of the underlying law and include the requirements described below.

On March 7, 2013, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) published guidance (the “Guidance”) on Bring Your Own Device (“BYOD”) to explain to data controllers “what they need to consider when permitting the use of personal devices to process personal data for which they are responsible.” BYOD refers to the use of individuals’ personal devices to access and store corporate information.

On March 5, 2013, the German Federal Ministry of the Interior published proposed amendments (in German) to the German Federal Office for Information Security Law. These proposed amendments are significant because they establish a new duty to notify the German Federal Office for Information Security in the event of a cybersecurity breach.

The UK Information Commissioner’s Office has opened a public consultation on a proposed code of practice for the press (the “Consultation”). Pursuant to Section 51 of the UK Data Protection Act 1998 (the “DPA”), the ICO has the authority to issue industry codes of practice.

On February 20, 2013, the UK Court of Appeal issued its decision in Smeaton v Equifax Plc, [2013] EWCA Civ 108, overturning an award of damages to an individual about whom a credit reference agency had maintained an inaccurate record.

On March 8, 2013, the European Union’s Justice and Home Affairs Council held legislative deliberations regarding the European Commission’s proposed General Data Protection Regulation (the “Proposed Regulation”).

On March 7, 3013, Marty Abrams, President of the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton & Williams LLP, provided testimony to the International Trade Commission at a hearing on “Digital Trade in the U.S. and Global Economies.” The ITC is investigating digital trade issues, including how privacy law may act as an impediment to international digital trade.

In his testimony, Abrams outlined how privacy and data protection law affect digital trade, addressing issues such as the legal obstacles to big data and analytics and how data protection law creates barriers to ...

On March 5, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) announced that the French High Council for Statutory Auditors (“H3C”) and the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Protocol”) on January 31, 2013, to govern the exchange of information, including personal data, between them.

The French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) reports that in late January 2013, representatives of the Article 29 Working Party and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group (“APEC”) met in Jakarta, Indonesia, to discuss interoperability between EU Binding Corporate Rules and APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules governing international data transfers. The U.S. Department of Commerce also is participating in the process to develop a roadmap for future progress toward establishing tools companies can use to facilitate true interoperability ...

On March 6, 2013, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) announced that it launched a consultation of relevant private and public actors for the purpose of determining whether the CNIL should adopt an initiative on “Open Data.”

Two recently-published German court decisions have clarified German employee data protection law. The decisions validate the independence of works councils in determining how to comply with data protection law and clarify when unused employee email accounts can be deleted.

On March 1, 2013, the German Federal Council (Bundesrat) passed a new registration law after insisting on a number of important amendments (in German). Among other issues covered in the bill, the new law regulates how businesses can obtain the registered addresses of individuals in Germany from Germany’s public authorities (“official address data”) and use that information for commercial purposes.

On February 27, 2013, the Article 29 Working Party (the “Working Party”) issued a statement on the European Commission’s proposed revised data protection framework (“Statement”), including the proposed General Data Protection Regulation (“Proposed Regulation”). The Working Party offered amendments to the Proposed Regulation in the form of two Annexes to the Statement on the topics of competence and lead data protection authority (“DPA”) and the exemption for household or personal activities.

Following up on its February 5, 2013 consultation paper, Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Commission has issued two additional public consultation papers concerning the guidelines the Commission is empowered to issue under the new data protection law. The first proposed set of advisory guidelines examines key concepts in the Personal Data Protection Act (“PDPA”), with thorough discussions of definitions as well as data protection obligations set forth in the PDPA. The second paper addresses selected topics: analytics and research, anonymization, employment, use of national ID numbers and online activities. In addition, the Commission has produced a cover note on how to submit comments on these public consultations.

On February 20, 2013, Hunton & Williams LLP hosted a webinar on cybersecurity risks and the Obama Administration’s recently-issued Executive Order on cybersecurity issues related to critical infrastructure. The webinar, entitled “The Cybersecurity Executive Order: Understanding Its Impact on Your Business,” covered issues such as the current threat landscape, U.S. and EU regulatory initiatives related to cybersecurity, and guidelines to help businesses prevent and manage cyber events.

On January 17, 2013, Mexico’s Ministry of Economy published its Lineamientos del Aviso de Privacidad (in Spanish) (“Privacy Notice Guidelines” or “Guidelines”), which it prepared in collaboration with the Mexican data protection authority. The Guidelines introduce heightened notice and opt-out requirements for the use of cookies, web beacons and similar technology, and they impose extensive requirements on the content and delivery of privacy notices generally (with respect to all personal data, not just data collected via cookies and other automated means). The Guidelines will take effect in mid-April.

On February 7, 2013, the European Commission, together with the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, launched their cybersecurity strategy for the European Union (“Strategy”). As part of this Strategy, the European Commission also proposed a draft directive on measures to ensure a common level of network and information security (“NIS”) across the EU (the “Directive”).

On February 4, 2013, the German Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik or “BSI”) published a paper (in German) providing an overview of the information technology risks inherent in consumerization and bring your own device (“BYOD”) strategies. The Paper responds to what the BSI views as a growing trend of employees making personal use of employer IT systems as well as using their personal IT devices for work purposes.