Privacy & Information Security Law Blog

On February 24, 2020, the European Data Protection Board (“EDPB”) published general policy messages and a synthesis of the contributions and replies by its members - national data protection authorities (“DPAs”) - to the Questionnaire on the Evaluation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) sent by the European Commission (the “Contribution”).

On February 10, 2020, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) published its Recommendation 1/2020 on data processing activities for direct marketing purposes (the “Recommendation”). With this Recommendation, the Belgian DPA aims to clarify the complex rules relating to the processing of personal data for direct marketing purposes, including by providing practical examples and guidelines to the different stakeholders involved in direct marketing activities. Direct marketing is one of the Belgian DPA’s top priorities for the next few years, as indicated in its 2019-2025 Strategic Plan.

On January 30, 2020, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP submitted formal comments to the Department of Telecommunications at the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (“MCTIC”) on its public consultation on creating a national Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) strategy for Brazil (the “Consultation”).

On February 1, 2020, the Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, the “Garante”) announced that it had levied a fine of €27,802,946 on TIM S.p.A. (“TIM”), a telecommunications company, for several unlawful marketing data processing practices. Between 2017 and 2019, the Garante received numerous complaints from individuals (including from individuals who were not existing customers of TIM) claiming that they had received unwanted marketing calls, without having provided their consent or despite having registered on an opt-out list. The Garante indicated that the violations impacted several million individuals.

On January 14, 2020, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published its draft recommendations on the practical modalities for obtaining users’ consent to store or read non-essential cookies and similar technologies on their devices (the “Recommendations”). The CNIL also published a set of questions and answers on the Recommendations (“FAQs”).

On December 12, 2019, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) released its draft 2019-2025 Strategic Plan (the “Draft Plan”). In the Draft Plan, the Belgian DPA describes its vision for the years to come, defines its priorities and strategic objectives and lists the necessary means to achieve its objectives.

On December 19, 2019, the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) handed down his opinion in the so-called “Schrems II” case (case C-311/18). He recommended that the CJEU uphold the validity of the Standard Contractual Clauses (“SCCs”) as a mechanism for transferring personal data outside of the EU. Given that SCCs are the key data transfer mechanism used by many organizations to transfer personal data outside of the EU, the opinion has far-reaching repercussions and will be welcomed by businesses across the globe.

On December 11, 2019, an updated version of India’s draft data privacy bill was introduced in the Indian Parliament (the “Draft Bill”) by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (“MeitY”). The Draft Bill updates a prior version submitted to MeitY in July 2018.

On December 10, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published the final version of its standard (“Referential”) concerning the processing of personal data in the context of whistleblowing hotlines. The Referential on whistleblowing hotlines was adopted following a public consultation launched by the CNIL on April 11, 2019. It replaces the CNIL’s Single Authorization AU-004 decision regarding such data processing, and anticipates certain changes introduced by the EU Directive on the protection of whistleblowers (Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of October 23, 2019), which EU Member States will have to implement into their national laws by December 17, 2021. The CNIL also published a set of questions and answers (“FAQs”), which aim to answer some practical questions that the CNIL are regularly asked regarding the operation of a whistleblowing hotline.

On November 26, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) announced that it had levied a fine of €500,000 on Futura Internationale, a French SME specializing in thermal insulation of private buildings, for various infringements of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The infringements related to the company’s direct marketing voice-to-voice calls include failure to (1) comply with the individuals’ objection to the processing of their personal data for direct marketing; (2) process only relevant personal data (by recording excessive comments in the CRM software); (3) provide sufficient notice regarding the recording of phone calls and data processing;  (4) cooperate with the CNIL; and (5) implement appropriate data transfer mechanisms for the data transfers to non-EU call center providers.

On November 26, 2019, the European Data Protection Supervisor’s office (“EDPS”) and the European Parliament announced that Wojciech Wiewiórowski, currently Assistant Supervisor and acting replacement for the European Data Protection Supervisor Giovanni Buttarelli, will officially be the new European Data Protection Supervisor for the new term of office. The Committee of the Permanent Representatives of the Governments of Member States to the European Union (“COREPER”) and the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs of the European Parliament (“LIBE”) confirmed Wojciech Wiewiórowski for a 5-year mandate as European Data Protection Supervisor. In the following days, the European Parliament and Council of the European Union will proceed to formally appoint Wojciech Wiewiórowski as the new European Data Protection Supervisor. Wojciech Wiewiórowski has served as Assistant Supervisor since December 2014. Earlier in his career, Wojciech Wiewiórowski was the Inspector General for the Protection of Personal Data at the Polish Data Protection Authority.

On November 5, 2019, the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (“the Berlin Commissioner,” Berliner Beauftragte für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit) announced that it had imposed a fine of €14.5 million (approximately $16 million) on Deutsche Wohnen SE, a prominent real estate company. This is the highest fine issued in Germany since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) became applicable.

On October 22, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published a list of processing operations (in French) that it considers not requiring a data protection impact assessment (“DPIA”). The CNIL had previously adopted and published a final list of processing operations requiring a DPIA on November 6, 2018. The final list includes 12 types of processing operations for which a DPIA is not considered mandatory. The CNIL provided concrete examples for each type of processing operation, including:

On September 17, 2019, the German Conference of Data Protection Authorities (Datenschutzkonferenz, (“DSK”) examined a proposal for calculating administrative fines under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”).  The press release of the DSK states that this initiative aims to ensure a calculation of fines against violations of the GDPR that is “systematic, transparent and understandable.” However, the press release refrains from describing the criteria of the fining model officially, as the fining model has not yet been adopted by the DSK.

On September 25, 2019, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership at Hunton Andrews Kurth (“CIPL”) and the Instituto Brasiliense de Direito Público (“IDP”) had the first of a series of workshops for their joint project on “Brazilian Data Protection Implementation and Effective Regulation.” This is an exclusive project that aims to contribute to the debates around the Brazilian Data Protection Law (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (“LGPD”)), including the development of good practices for data governance and the implementation and enforcement of this law. As part of this project, CIPL will organize additional multi-stakeholder workshops, webinars and training sessions, and prepare white papers on key topics for data protection in Brazil.

On September 17, 2019, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) imposed a fine of EUR 10,000 on a shop for the disproportionate use of customers’ electronic identity cards (the “eIDs ”) – a national identification card.

On September 23, 2019, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (“OPC”) announced that it completed its consultation on transfers for processing and that the OPC’s current guidelines for processing personal data across borders remain unchanged. Under these guidelines, consent for transfers to data processors generally is not required.

On September 9, 2019, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, the “Dutch DPA”) published a report on the privacy complaints it received between January 2019 and June 2019 (the “Report”).

The Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP is pleased to announce Matthew Starr and Giovanna Carloni have joined CIPL, adding to its expertise in global privacy and data protection policy.

On August 21, 2019, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) published a press release informing of its intention to further investigate a data breach that was notified by Adecco Belgium, a temporary employment agency. The data breach affected thousands of biometric data, including fingerprints and images allowing facial recognition, and was suffered by the company Suprema. The compromised data included approximately 2,000 fingerprints of Adecco Belgium’s employees.

On August 21, 2019, the Swedish Data Protection Authority (the “Swedish DPA”) imposed its first fine since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) came into effect in May, 2018. The Swedish DPA fined a school 200,000 Swedish Kroner for creating a facial recognition program in violation of the GDPR.

On August 5, 2019, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP responded to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada’s (“OPC”) reframed consultation on transfers for processing. The reframed consultation replaced a previously suspended OPC consultation dealing with the same topic to which CIPL had also responded.

On July 25, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published new template records of data processing activities pursuant to Article 30 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). This provision requires organizations subject to the GDPR to maintain internal records of data processing activities. The CNIL recalled that such records are a key accountability tool under the GDPR for identifying, understanding and controlling data processing activities. Setting up and maintaining these records provide businesses with the opportunity to ask the right questions and limit privacy risks under the GDPR. According to the CNIL, this is also a useful moment to set up a data protection compliance action plan.

On July 16, 2019, the European Data Protection Board (the “EDPB”) published its Annual Report for 2018 (the “Report”). The Report highlights that the EDPB (1) endorsed 16 guidelines previously adopted by the Article 29 Working Party; (2) adopted four additional guidelines to clarify provisions of the GDPR; (3) adopted 26 consistency opinions to guarantee the consistent application of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) by the EU data protection authorities; and (4) issued two opinions in the context of the legislative consultation process, as well as a statement on its own initiative and on the draft ePrivacy Regulation.

On July 18, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published new guidelines on cookies and similar technologies (the “Guidelines”). As announced by the CNIL in its action plan on targeted advertising for 2019-2020, its 2013 cookie guidance is no longer valid in light of the strengthened consent requirements of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The Guidelines therefore repeal the CNIL’s 2013 recommendations on cookies and reconceive the rules applicable to the use of cookies and similar technologies in France, as they take shape from (1) the provisions of the EU ePrivacy Directive as implemented under French law, and (2) the GDPR consent requirements.

The UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) published its 2018-19 Annual Report on July 9, 2019. This is the first Annual Report published by the ICO since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) took effect on May 25, 2018.

On July 9, 2019, the European Data Protection Board (the “EDPB”) adopted Opinion 8/2019 on the Competence of a Supervisory Authority in Case of a Change in Circumstances Relating to the Main or Single Establishment (the “Opinion”) at the request of the French and the Swedish data protection authorities (“DPAs”).

Background – The French and Swedish DPAs’ Initial Request

On July 9, 2019, the hearing in the so-called Schrems II case (case C-311/18) took place at the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) in Luxembourg. The main parties involved in the proceedings, the Irish Data Protection Commissioner (“Irish DPA”), Facebook Ireland Ltd. and the Austrian activist Max Schrems, presented their arguments to the court. In addition, a number of other stakeholders intervened during the hearing, including representatives of the European Parliament, the European Commission, the European Data Protection Board, several EU Member States (including Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK) and the U.S. government, as well as a number of industry lobby groups and the Electronic Privacy Information Center.

On July 9, 2019, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) announced its intention to fine Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”) £99,200,396 (approximately $124 million) for infringements of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The ICO’s announcement followed Marriott’s notification of the proposed fine to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

On July 1, 2019, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, (the “Dutch DPA”)) announced that it had expanded its guidance on data breaches. The updates aim to answer questions about data breaches received by the Dutch DPA from organizations since 2016.

On July 8, 2019, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) announced that it intends to fine British Airways (“BA”), which is owned by International Consolidated Airlines Group, S.A., £183,390,000 (approximately $230,000,000) for violating the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). This is the first fine to be announced publicly by the ICO under the GDPR and hints at the tough stance it is likely to take with regard to future breaches.

On June 28, 2019, the French data protection authority (the “CNIL”) published its action plan for 2019-2020 to specify the rules applicable to online targeted advertising and to support businesses in their compliance efforts.

The UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) recently published an updated report on adtech, following a Fact Finding Forum held in March 2019 and consultation with industry players. The report focuses on whether and how organizations in the adtech sector can comply with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the UK’s implementation of the e-Privacy Directive, known as the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (“PECR”).

To mark the GDPR’s one-year anniversary, the European Commission recently published the results of two surveys meant to illuminate the public’s awareness of the GDPR and its practical applications.

On June 12, 2019, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) launched a public consultation on direct marketing with a view to updating its Recommendation No. 02/2013 of January 30, 2013 on direct marketing (the “Direct Marketing Recommendation”).

On June 1, 2019, New Decree No. 2019-536 (the “Implementing Decree”) took force, enabling the French Data Protection Act, as amended by an Ordinance of December 12, 2018, likewise to enter into force. This marks the completion of the adaption of French law to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the EU Police and Criminal Justice Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/680).

On June 6, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) announced that it levied a fine of €400,000 on SERGIC, a French real estate service provider, for failure to (1) implement appropriate security measures and (2) define data retention periods for the personal data of unsuccessful rental candidates.

On May 31, 2019, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP issued a white paper on GDPR One Year In: Practitioners Take Stock of the Benefits and Challenges (the “White Paper”). In addition, CIPL submitted the White Paper along with a separate response to the European Commission’s questionnaire to prepare for the June 2019 stocktaking exercise on the application of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”).

On May 28, 2019, shortly after the appointment of the new Belgian commissioner and the Director of the Litigation Chamber, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) imposed its first fine since the EU General Data Protection Regulation ( “GDPR”) came into effect. The Belgian DPA fined a Belgian mayor EUR 2,000 for abusive use of personal data obtained in the context of his mayoral functions for election campaign purposes.

On May 27, 2019, the Irish government announced that Helen Dixon, who currently serves as Irish Data Protection Commissioner, was appointed to a second five-year term in her position. Her reappointment was approved by a May 27 Cabinet vote.

The French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) recently published its Annual Activity Report for 2018 (the “Report”) and released its annual inspection program for 2019.

On April 25, 2019, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) published its Annual Activity Report for 2018 (the “Annual Report”), highlighting the main developments and accomplishments of the past year.

On April 15, 2019, the Greek Data Protection Authority (“DPA”) fined Hellenic Petroleum S.A. EUR 20,000 for unlawful processing of personal data and EUR 10,000 for failing to adopt appropriate data security measures.

On April 9, 2019, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (the “ICO”) levied one of its most significant fines under the Data Protection Act 1998 (the “DPA”) against pregnancy and parenting club Bounty (UK) Limited (“Bounty”), fining the company GBP 400,000. Bounty, which provides new and expectant mothers with information and offers for products and services, collects personal data online, via an app, and offline through hard copy cards. The company also offered a data broking service. Bounty came to the attention of the ICO as a “significant supplier” of personal data in the context of the ICO’s wider and ongoing investigation into the data broking industry.

On April 11, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) launched an online public consultation regarding two new CNIL draft standards (“Referentials”) concerning the processing of personal data for (1) core HR management purposes and (2) the operation of a whistleblowing hotline.

The European Commission (the “Commission”) has released a long-awaited study on GDPR data protection certification mechanisms (the “Study”). As we previously reported, the Commission announced its intention to look into GDPR certifications in January of 2018.

On March 29, 2019, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (the “ICO”) announced that it has opened its sandbox beta phase for applications (the “Beta Phase”).

On March 28, 2019, the French data protection authority (“CNIL”) published a “Model Regulation” addressing the use of biometric systems to control access to premises, devices and apps at work. The Model Regulation lays down binding rules for data controllers who are subject to French data protection law and process employee biometric data for such purposes. The CNIL also released a related set of questions and answers (“FAQs”).

On March 29, 2019, the Belgian House of Representatives appointed a new commissioner and four directors, who will lead the reformed Belgian data protection authority (“DPA”). The appointments follow a vote of the plenary of the Belgian parliament.

On March 12, 2019, the European Parliament (“Parliament”) approved the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ENISA, and repealing Regulation (EU) 526/2013, and on Information and Communication Technology cybersecurity certification (collectively, the “Cybersecurity Act”). The Parliament’s approval follows a political agreement between the European Commission, the Parliament and the Council of the European Union (“Council”) reached last December.

The Cybersecurity Act aims to achieve a high level of cybersecurity and cyber resilience, and to promote individuals’ trust in the EU digital single market.

On March 14, 2019, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, the “Dutch DPA”) published a press release announcing its policy (in Dutch) for calculating administrative fines (the “Policy”).

The Dutch DPA has the power to impose administrative fines for violations of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), the Dutch law implementing the GDPR, the Police Data Act, the Judicial Data and Criminal Records Act, the Telecommunications Act, the Electronic Identification, Authentication and Trust Services (eIDAS) Regulation and the General Administrative Law Act.

The UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) has fined Vote Leave Limited (the UK’s official Brexit campaign) £40,000 for sending almost 200,000 unsolicited texts promoting the aims of the campaign. In an unrelated action, the ICO has carried out searches of a business believed to have been responsible for initiating nuisance telephone calls. The ICO has highlighted nuisance calls, spam texts and unsolicited direct marketing as areas of “significant public concern,” and is increasingly imposing sanctions on businesses that infringe the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (“PEC Regulations”), which prohibit these practices. In its view, the monetary penalty imposed on Vote Leave should act as a “deterrent against non-compliance, on the part of all persons running businesses currently engaging in these practices.”

On March 12, 2019, the European Data Protection Board (“EDPB”) adopted an opinion on the interplay between the EU Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications (“the ePrivacy Directive”) and the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (the “Opinion”).

On March 8, 2019, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP issued a white paper on Regulatory Sandboxes in Data Protection: Constructive Engagement and Innovative Regulation in Practice (the “White Paper”). The release of the White Paper follows a joint roundtable held by CIPL and senior staff from the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) on February 19, 2019. Over 35 CIPL members attended the full-day roundtable, exchanging views on how the regulatory sandbox should work in practice, discussing the benefits of participation and key questions around appropriate safeguards upon entering and exiting the sandbox, as well as sharing examples of innovative projects where a sandbox may be useful.

On March 5, 2019, the Global Privacy Enforcement Network (“GPEN”), a global network of more than 60 data protection authorities (“DPAs”) around the world, published the results of its 2018 intelligence gathering operation on organizations’ data privacy accountability practices (the “Sweep”). On the same date, some participating DPAs released the results of the Sweep exercise carried out in their respective jurisdiction.

On February 26, 2019, the European Data Protection Board (the “EDPB”) presented its first overview of the GDPR’s implementation and the roles and means of the national supervisory authorities to the European Parliament (the “Overview”).

The Overview provides key statistics relating to the consistency mechanism among national data protection authorities (“DPAs”), the cooperation mechanism of the EDPB, the means and powers of the DPAs and enforcement of the GDPR at the national level.

During the week of February 25, 2019, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP participated in the meetings of the APEC Data Privacy Subgroup (“DPS”) and Electronic Commerce Steering Group (“ECSG”) in Santiago, Chile. CIPL enjoys formal guest status and a seat at the table at these bi-annual APEC privacy meetings.

The Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) recently published the updated list of the types of processing activities which require a data protection impact assessment (“DPIA”). Article 35.4 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) obligates supervisory authorities (“SAs”) to establish a list of the processing operations that require a DPIA and transmit it to the European Data Protection Board (the “EDPB”).

On February 20, 2019, the French data protection authority (the “CNIL”) published a set of questions and answers (“FAQs”) indicating the CNIL’s recommendations, and steps that organizations should take, to prepare for a no-deal Brexit. The CNIL’s FAQs build upon guidance the European Data Protection Board (“EDPB”) provided in its Information Note on Data Transfers under the GDPR in the Event of a No-Deal Brexit.

On January 25, 2019, the European Commission (the “Commission”) issued an infographic on compliance with and enforcement and awareness of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) since the GDPR took force on May 25, 2018. The infographic revealed that:

On January 29, 2019, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, the “Dutch DPA”) published a report (in Dutch) on the personal data breach notifications received in 2018 (the “Report”). The EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) requires data controllers to notify a personal data breach to the competent Data Protection Authority (“DPA”) within 72 hours after becoming aware of it. In the Netherlands, this breach notification requirement has been in place since January 1, 2016. However, the GDPR imposed additional requirements, including: providing certain information in a breach notification; data controllers’ mandatory obligation to notify affected individuals if the breach is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of those individuals; companies duty to document any personal data breaches.

On January 16, 2019, Hunton Andrews Kurth hosted a breakfast seminar in London, entitled “GDPR: Post Implementation Review.” Bridget Treacy, Aaron Simpson and James Henderson from Hunton Andrews Kurth and Bojana Bellamy from the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth discussed some of the challenges and successes companies encountered in implementing the EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), and also identified key data protection challenges that lie ahead. The Hunton team was joined by Neil Paterson, Group Data Protection Coordinator of TUI Group; Miles Briggs, Data Protection Officer of TUI UK & Ireland; and Vivienne Artz, Chief Privacy Officer at Refinitiv, who provided an in-house perspective on the GDPR.

The Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) recently published on its website a form to be completed for prior consultation in the context of a data protection impact assessment (“DPIA”).

On January 21, 2019, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) imposed a fine of €50 million on Google LLC under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) for its alleged failure to (1) provide notice in an easily accessible form, using clear and plain language, when users configure their Android mobile device and create a Google account, and (2) obtain users’ valid consent to process their personal data for ad personalization purposes. The CNIL’s enforcement action was the result of collective actions filed by two not-for-profit associations. This fine against Google is the first fine imposed by the CNIL under the GDPR and the highest fine imposed by a supervisory authority within the EU under the GDPR to date.

On January 16, 2019, the Dutch Data Protection Authority, the Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (the “Dutch DPA”), announced that it had requested 30 private organizations provide information about the agreements they have with other entities that process personal data on their behalf. The Dutch DPA indicated that the targeted organizations are mainly in energy, media and trade sectors.

On January 10, 2019, Advocate General Maciej Szpunar (“Advocate General”) of the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) issued an Opinion in the case of Google v. CNIL, which is currently pending before the CJEU. In the Opinion, the Advocate General provided his views concerning the territorial scope of the right to be forgotten under the relevant EU Data Protection Directive in the case at hand.

On November 30, 2018, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (“DPA”) published a decision in response to a complaint received from an individual regarding the cookie consent options offered on an Austrian newspaper’s website. As a factual matter, the Austrian newspaper offered three options to individuals who sought to access content on the site: (1) accept the use of cookies for analytics and advertising purposes and have full, complimentary website access; (2) refuse cookies and obtain access to only limited content on the website; or (3) pay a monthly subscription of €6 to obtain full access to the website without accepting the use of cookies and similar tracking technologies.

On December 27, 2018, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) announced that it imposed a fine of €250,000 on French telecom operator Bouygues Telecom for failing to protect the personal data of the customers of its mobile package B&YOU.

On December 28, 2018, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published guidance regarding the conditions to be met by organizations in order to lawfully share personal data with business partners or other third parties, such as data brokers. The guidance focused, in particular, on such a scenario in the context of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The CNIL guidance sets forth the 5 following conditions:

On December 20, 2018, the French data protection authority (the “CNIL”) announced that it levied a €400,000 fine on Uber France SAS, the French establishment of Uber B.V. and Uber Technologies Inc., for failure to implement some basic security measures that made possible the 2016 Uber data breach.

On December 19, 2018, the European Commission (the “Commission”) issued a press release regarding the publication of the Commission’s second annual review of the functioning of the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield (the “Report”).

On December 13, 2018, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (“Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens”) (the “Dutch DPA”) published a report on the complaints it has received since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) became applicable on May 25, 2018 (the “Report”). The GDPR gives data subjects the right to lodge a complaint with the relevant national supervisory authority when they believe that their personal data is processed in a way violative of the GDPR (see article 77 of the GDPR).

View the Report and the press release (in Dutch).

EU data protection authorities (“DPAs”) are proving their willingness as enforcers with respect to the GDPR, not just with regard to the most serious acts of non-compliance but also for errors of a more administrative nature. Under the previous regime, DPAs typically required companies to register their processing activities with the regulator, but the GDPR now permits organizations to maintain data processing inventories internally, only showing them to DPAs when there is a particular need to do so. In the UK, the Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) introduced a requirement for organizations to pay a “data protection fee,” which data controllers falling under the ICO’s scope must pay once a year. Those companies that fail to pay the fee risk incurring a fine of up to £4,350 each.

The Agency of Access to Public Information (Agencia de Acceso a la Información Pública) (“AAIP”) has approved a set of guidelines for binding corporate rules (“BCRs”), a mechanism that multinational companies may use in cross-border data transfers to affiliates in countries with inadequate data protection regimes under the AAIP.

On November 29, 2018, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) launched an online public consultation regarding two new CNIL draft standards (“Referentials”) concerning the processing of personal data to manage (1) business activities and (2) unpaid invoices. 

On November 9, 2018, Serbia’s National Assembly enacted a new data protection law. The Personal Data Protection Law, which becomes effective on August 21, 2019, is modeled after the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”).

On November 23, 2018, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (the “Belgian DPA”) published a review of its activities since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) became applicable on May 25, 2018 (the “Review”).

On November 7, 2018, the Data Protection Authority of Bavaria for the Private Sector (the “BayLDA”) issued a press release describing audits completed and pending in Bavaria since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) took force.

On November 6, 2018, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published its own guidelines on data protection impact assessments (the “Guidelines”) and a list of processing operations that require a data protection impact assessment (“DPIA”). Read the guidelines.

On October 11, 2018, the French data protection authority (the “CNIL”) announced that it adopted two referentials (i.e., guidelines) on the certification of the data protection officer (“DPO”). View the announcement (in French). As a practical matter, both referentials are intended to apply to DPOs located in France or who speak French. The referentials include:

On October 23, 2018, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP will host an official side event on The Concept of “Fairness” in Data Protection at the 40th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners in Brussels, Belgium.

On October 5, 2018, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP hosted a workshop on how to implement, demonstrate and incentivize accountability under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), in collaboration with AXA in Paris, France. In addition to the workshop, on October 4, 2018, CIPL hosted a Roundtable on the Role of the Data Protection Office (“DPO”) under the GDPR at Mastercard and a pre-workshop dinner at the Chanel School of Fashion, sponsored by Nymity.

The European Data Protection Board (“EDPB”) recently published 22 Opinions on the draft lists of Supervisory Authority (“SAs”) in EU Member States regarding which processing operations are subject to the requirement of conducting a data protection impact assessment (“DPIA”) under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”).

On September 25, 2018, the French Data Protection Authority (the “CNIL”) published the first results of its factual assessment of the implementation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in France and in Europe. When making this assessment, the CNIL first recalled the current status of the French legal framework, and provided key figures on the implementation of the GDPR from the perspective of privacy experts, private individuals and EU supervisory authorities. The CNIL then announced that it will adopt new GDPR tools in the near future. Read the full factual assessment (in French).

On September 5, 2018, the Law of 30 July 2018 on the Protection of Natural Persons with regard to the Processing of Personal Data (the “Law”) was published in the Belgian Official Gazette.

This is the second step in adapting the Belgian legal framework to the EU GDPR after the Law of 3 December 2017 Creating the Data Protection Authority, which reformed the Belgian Data Protection Authority.

The Law is available in French and Dutch.

On July 19, 2018, the French Data Protection Authority (“CNIL”) announced that it served a formal notice to two advertising startups headquartered in France, FIDZUP and TEEMO. Both companies collect personal data from mobile phones via software development kit (“SDK”) tools integrated into the code of their partners’ mobile apps—even when the apps are not in use—and process the data to conduct marketing campaigns on mobile phones.

On July 23, 2018, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP issued two new discussion papers on the Central Role of Organizational Accountability in Data Protection. The goal of these discussion papers is to show that organizational accountability is pivotal to effective data protection and essential for the digital transformation of the economy and society, and to emphasize how its many benefits should be actively encouraged and incentivized by data protection authorities (“DPAs”), and law and policy makers around the globe.

On July 12, 2018, British Prime Minister Theresa May presented her Brexit White Paper, “The Future Relationship Between the United Kingdom and the European Union,” (the "White Paper”) to Parliament. The White Paper outlines the UK’s desired future relationship with the EU post-Brexit, and includes within its scope important data protection-related issues, including digital trade, data flows, cooperation for the development of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”), and the role of the Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”), as further discussed below:

During the week of June 25, 2018, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP hosted its annual executive retreat in San Francisco, California. The annual event consisted of a closed pre-retreat session for CIPL members, a CIPL Panel at the APPA Forum Open session followed by a CIPL reception and dinner and a special all day workshop with data protection commissioner members of the Asia Pacific Privacy Authorities (“APPA”) on Accountable AI.

On May 16, 2018, the Irish Data Protection Bill 2018 (the “Bill”) entered the final committee stage in Dáil Éireann (the lower house and principal chamber of the Irish legislature). The Bill was passed by the Seanad (the upper house of the legislature) at the end of March 2018. In the current stage, final statements on the Bill will be made before it is signed into law by the President.

On May 2, 2018, the Belgian Privacy Commission (the “Belgian DPA”) published its Annual Activity Report for 2017 (the “Annual Report”), highlighting its main accomplishments for the past year.

The Belgian Privacy Commission (the “Belgian DPA”) recently released a Recommendation (in French and Dutch) on Data Protection Impact Assessment (“DPIA”) and the prior consultation requirements under Articles 35 and 36 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (the “Recommendation”). The Recommendation aims to provide guidance on the core elements and requirements of a DPIA, the different actors involved and specific provisions.

On March 29, 2018, the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”) at Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP submitted formal comments to the Article 29 Working Party (the “Working Party”) on its draft guidelines on the accreditation of certification bodies under the GDPR (the “Guidelines”). The Guidelines were adopted by the Working Party on February 6, 2018, for public consultation.

Hunton & Williams LLP is pleased to announce that Richard Thomas, Global Strategy Advisor to the Centre for Information Policy Leadership (“CIPL”), has been selected as Chair for the Bailiwick of Guernsey’s new data protection authority. Adding the appointment to his position at CIPL, Thomas will be formally appointed in May and will work with the Data Protection Commissioner and the States of Guernsey to support the island’s regulatory framework in conjunction with the introduction of its new data protection law. Thomas will work on a shadow basis until his formal appointment, and the role is expected to command between 10 and 15 days per year.

On February 12, 2018, the Luxembourg data protection authority (Commission nationale pour la protection des donées, “CNPD”) published on its website (in English and French) a form to be used for the purpose of compliance with data breach notification requirements applicable under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”). The CNPD also published questions and answers (“Q&As”) regarding the requirements.

On February 7, 2018, representatives of European Data Protection Authorities (“DPAs”) met in Brussels to appoint the new leader of the current Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (the “Working Party”). Andrea Jelinek, head of the Austrian DPA, was elected to the post and will replace Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin, leader of the French DPA, who has represented the Working Party over the past four years.

On January 24, 2018, the European Commission issued a communication to the European Parliament and the Council (the “Communication”) on the direct application of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The Communication (1) recounts novel elements of the GDPR that create stronger protections for individuals and new opportunities for organizations; (2) reviews preparatory work undertaken to date for GDPR implementation; (3) outlines remaining steps for successful preparation; and (4) outlines measures the European Commission intends to take up until May 25, 2018.

On January 10, 2018, the Law of 3 December 2017 creating the Data Protection Authority (the “Law”) was published in the Belgian Official Gazette. The Law was submitted in the Chamber of Representatives on August 23, 2017, and was approved by the Parliament in plenary meeting on November 16, 2017.

On December 18, 2017, the French data protection authority (“CNIL”) publicly announced that it served a formal notice to WhatsApp regarding the sharing of WhatsApp users’ data with Facebook Inc. (“Facebook”). This decision, dated November 27, 2017, follows the CNIL’s investigations regarding Facebook’s 2014 acquisition of WhatsApp. In 2016, WhatsApp updated its Terms of Service and Privacy Policy to reflect the sharing of information with Facebook. Following this update, the Article 29 Working Party (“Working Party”) requested explanations from WhatsApp on its data processing practices and data sharing, and asked the company to stop sharing data for targeted advertising purposes. The Working Party also gave a mandate to its subgroup in charge of the cooperation on investigations and sanctions to coordinate actions of the relevant national data protection authorities. It is in that context that the CNIL started its investigation of WhatsApp’s data processing practices.

Recently, the EU’s Article 29 Working Party (”Working Party”) held a plenary meeting to discuss, among other things, the implementation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield. As well as adopting its first Joint Annual Review Report on the Privacy Shield, the Working Party has been working on a number of documents that offer review and/or guidance on the GDPR, including:

• guidelines on (1) consent and transparency, (2) data protection certifications, and (3) derogations for personal data transfers under the GDPR;
• updated “referentials” on adequacy and binding corporate rules for data controllers and processors; and
• tools for cooperation between data protection authorities on data breach notifications.