Hunton Insurance Recovery Blog

If recent years have taught insurance practitioners anything, it is that the most consequential coverage disputes rarely turn on novelty alone. In 2025, courts continued to resolve high‑stakes insurance disputes by returning to first principles—examining when claims are related, how losses and occurrences are defined and aggregated, and how policy language allocates risk across time and conduct. D&O coverage and other core insurance law issues again occupied center stage, while decisions in property, cyber, and liability disputes reinforced a familiar theme: policy interpretation remains the decisive factor in determining whether coverage is available in an increasingly complex claims environment. As the decisions discussed below demonstrate, 2025 confirmed that even as risks evolve, coverage disputes remain grounded in careful, policy‑specific analysis.

The New York Office of the Attorney General recently reached a $500,000 settlement with a New York orthopedics practice for allegedly failing to protect patient and employee information in light of a 2023 data breach.

On December 16, 2025, the Federal Trade Commission announced an enforcement action against Illusory Systems Inc., a Utah-based company doing business as Nomad, following a major data breach in which hackers stole $186 million from consumers.

Nishith Desai Associates reports that on November 13, 2025, India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology enacted India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, which operationalize India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.